Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize from Small-Scale Farms Practicing Different Artisanal Control Methods in Kitui, Kenya

Table 2

Artisanal control technologies associated with risk of aflatoxin contamination in maize.

Artisanal aflatoxin control technology	Coef	SE	t value	value	95% confidence interval		Sig
Practice of dry planting	0.029	0.348	0.08	0.933	−0.652	0.711
Use of manure	−0.044	0.320	−0.14	0.890	−0.671	0.583
Use of commercial fertilizer	0.841	0.557	1.51	0.131	−0.25	1.932
Source of seed (base-own store)
From neighbor	−0.019	1.595	−0.01	0.990	−3.146	3.107
From the market	0.688	0.504	1.36	0.173	−0.301	1.676
Provided by government	−0.345	1.114	−0.31	0.756	−2.528	1.837
Shops selling agricultural inputs (agrovet)	−1.178	0.451	−2.61	0.009	−2.063	−0.294
Planting certified seed	0.904	0.376	2.40	0.160	0.167	1.641
Practice of crop rotation	0.035	0.299	0.12	0.906	−0.551	0.622
Method of land tillage (base-minimum tillage)
Oxen ploughing	1.854	0.515	3.60	0.000	0.845	2.863
Deep tillage (use of tractors)	3.509	1.438	2.44	0.015	0.690	6.328
Method of maize harvesting
Cut stoves with cobs	0.07	0.462	0.15	0.879	−0.836	0.976
Harvest cobs with husk	0.29	0.456	0.64	0.525	−0.605	1.185
Maize drying practices (base-on bare ground)
On tarpaulin sheet/mat	−0.888	0.316	−2.81	0.005	−1.508	−0.268
On a raised platform	−0.344	0.527	−0.65	0.513	−1.377	0.688
Methods of maize shelling (base-beating in a sack)
Use motorized sheller	0.757	0.515	1.47	0.141	−0.252	1.766
Using hand sheller	−0.483	0.842	−0.57	0.566	−2.132	1.167
Maize storage practices (base-propylene bags)
Hermetic bags	−1.406	0.378	−3.72	0.000	−2.146	−0.666
Gunny (sisal/jute) bags	−1.176	0.479	−2.45	0.014	−2.116	−0.237
Granary	−1.027	0.782	−1.31	0.189	−2.559	0.505
Placement of maize storage bags (base-on the floor)
On wooden pallet	−0.922	0.693	−1.33	0.183	−2.28	0.436
Maize sorting	−0.029	0.352	−0.08	0.934	−0.72	0.661
Form of treatment before storage (base-drying only)
Smoking	−0.032	0.858	−0.04	0.970	−1.715	1.650
Use of ash	0.193	0.539	0.36	0.721	−0.864	1.249
Insecticide application	−0.304	0.359	−0.85	0.396	−1.007	0.399
Constant	−0.901	0.864	−1.04	0.297	−2.595	0.793
Mean-dependent variable		0.349		SD dependent var		0.477
Pseudo r-squared		0.182		Number of obs		315
Chi-square		74.004		Prob > chi2		0
Akaike crit. (AIC)		393.577		Bayesian crit. (BIC)		506.154

 < 0.01;  < 0.05;  < 0.1.