Pesticide Residues and Associated Public Health Risks in Vegetables from Irrigated Farms Adjacent to Rift Valley Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Table 2

Concentration (mg/kg) of pesticide residues in tomato samples collected from irrigated farmlands in the vicinity of Lake Ziway (n = 9).

Category	Pesticides detected	Lowest value	Highest value	Mean ± SD	EU-MRL	Mean-difference(mean-EU-MRL)	. sig. (2-tailed)
OC	α-BHC	0.002	0.005	0.003 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0066	≤0.001
	β-BHC	0.0001	0.04	0.024 ± 0.005	0.01	0.0139	0.034
	Heptachlor epoxide	0.0001	0.01	0.005 ± 0.003	0.01	−0.0063	0.024
	Heptachlor	0.01	0.02	0.012 ± 0.005	0.01	0.0017	0.468
	α-Endosulfan	0.003	0.63	0.331 ± 0.220	0.05	0.3225	0.003
	Aldrin	0.0004	0.01	0.003 ± 0.003	0.01	−0.0069	0.015
	Hexachlorobenzene	0.000	0.152	0.001 ± 0.0005	0.01	−0.009	0.025
OP	Bromophos-ethyl	0.000	0.003	0.001 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0086	≤0.001
	Chlorpyrifos-methyl	0.0002	0.003	0.001 ± 0.0007	0.01	−0.0089	≤0.001
	Diazinon	0.0000	0.001	0.0004 ± 0.0004	0.01	−0.0095	≤0.001
	Ethion	0.0001	0.001	0.001 ± 0.0004	0.01	−0.0092	≤0.001
	Famphur	0.0006	0.003	0.001 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0085	≤0.001
	Fenitrothion	0.000	0.003	0.001 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0090	≤0.001
	Fenthion	0.001	0.003	0.002 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0081	≤0.001
	Malathion	0.008	0.048	0.02 ± 0.02	0.02	0.0112	0.304
	Parathion	0.0005	0.004	0.001 ± 0.0001	0.05	−0.0087	≤0.001
	Profenofos	0.0004	0.002	0.001 ± 0.0006	10	−9.9996	≤0.001
	Thionazin	0.0002	0.0005	0.0002 ± 0.0001	0.01	−0.0099	0.014
C	Propoxur	0.01	0.038	0.023 ± 0.00001	0.05	−0.0275	≤0.001
OS	Propargite	0.001	0.792	0.032 ± 0.012	0.01	0.0221	0.162
NA	Dichlobenil	0.0002	0.002	0.001 ± 0.0003	0.01	−0.0089	≤0.001

Note. OC = organochlorine; OP = organophosphate; C = carbamate; OS = organosulfite; NA = not assigned. Values in bold indicate the conc. above acceptable EU-MRL.