Pesticide Residues and Associated Public Health Risks in Vegetables from Irrigated Farms Adjacent to Rift Valley Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Table 3

Concentration (mg/kg) of pesticide residues in onion samples collected from irrigated farmlands in the vicinity of Lake Ziway (n = 6).

Category	Pesticides detected	Lowest value	Highest value	Mean ± SD	EU-MRL	Mean-difference(mean-EU-MRL)	sig. (2 tailed)
OC	α-BHC	0.002	0.005	0.004 ± 0.001	0.01	−0.0065	≤0.001
	β-BHC	0.0001	0.01	0.001 ± 0.002	0.01	−0.0086	≤0.001
	Hepta-epoxide	0.006	0.038	0.023 ± 0.014	0.01	0.0132	0.069
	Heptachlor	0.0004	0.01	0.003 ± 0.004	0.01	−0.0017	0.083
	α-Endosulfan	0.001	0.003	0.002 ± 0.001	0.1	−0.0473	≤0.001
OP	Bromophos-ethyl	0.00004	0.003	0.0004 ± 0.0004	0.01	−0.0097	≤0.001
	Chlorpyrifos-methyl	0.0002	0.001	0.0005 ± 0.0002	0.01	−0.0095	≤0.001
	Diazinon	0.00004	0.0012	0.0001 ± 0.001	0.05	−0.0099	0.005
	Ethion	0.0004	0.001	0.0007 ± 0.0004	0.02	−0.0093	0.017
	Famphur	0.0001	0.001	0.0009 ± 0.0003	0.01	−0.0091	≤0.001
	Fenitrothion	0.0002	0.0005	0.0003 ± 0.0001	0.01	−0.0097	≤0.001
	Fenthion	0.001	0.003	0.002 ± 0.0005	0.01	−0.0082	≤0.001
	Malathion	0.001	0.02	0.016 + 0.007	0.02	0.0059	0.440
	Parathion	0.001	0.001	0.001 ± 0.0003	0.05	−0.0091	≤0.001
	Profenofos	0.0002	0.001	0.001 ± 0.0002	0.02	−0.0194	≤0.001
	Thionazin	0.00001	0.001	0.0003 ± 0.0001	0.01	−0.0097	≤0.001
C	Indoxacarb	0.0003	0.004	0.003 ± 0.002	0.02	−0.0170	0.006
	Propoxur	0.01	0.025	0.02 ± 0.01	0.05	−0.0345	≤0.001
OS	Propargite	0.0004	0.112	0.042 ± 0.025	0.01	0.0321	0.295
NA	Dichlobenil	0.0001	0.001	0.001 ± 0.0003	0.01	−0.0091	≤0.001

Note. OC = organochlorine; OP = organophosphate; C = carbamate; OS = organosulfite; NA = not assigned. Values in bold indicate the conc. above acceptable EU-MRL.