Pesticide Residues and Associated Public Health Risks in Vegetables from Irrigated Farms Adjacent to Rift Valley Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Table 8

Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) of pesticide residues from consumption of onion produced in the study sites at different levels (days per week) of exposure.

Sites	Levels of exposure (d/w)	Target hazard quotient (THQ)								Hazard index (HI)
		Heptachlor epoxide		Heptachlor		Malathion		Propargite
		A	C	A	C	A	C	A	C	A	C
S1	1	0.440	1.172	—	—	—	—	0.001	0.003	0.441	1.175
	2	0.879	2.344	—	—	—	—	0.002	0.006	0.881	2.350
	3	1.319	3.516	—	—	—	—	0.003	0.009	1.322	3.526
	5	2.198	5.861	—	—	—	—	0.006	0.015	2.204	5.876
	7	3.077	8.205	—	—	—	—	0.008	0.021	3.085	8.226
S2	1	1.758	4.689	0.011	0.030	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.008	1.773	4.729
	2	3.516	9.377	0.023	0.061	0.001	0.003	0.006	0.017	3.547	9.458
	3	5.275	14.066	0.034	0.091	0.002	0.005	0.009	0.025	5.320	14.187
	5	8.791	23.443	0.057	0.152	0.003	0.008	0.016	0.042	8.867	23.645
	7	12.308	32.821	0.080	0.213	0.004	0.011	0.022	0.059	12.414	33.103

Note. Values in bold (>1) indicate potential noncarcinogenic health risk for humans. A = adult; C = children.