How to Build a Patient-Specific Hybrid Simulator for Orthopaedic Open Surgery: Benefits and Limits of Mixed-Reality Using the Microsoft HoloLens

Figure 4

Schematic representation of the steps involved in the development and manufacturing of the physical components of the hybrid simulator: (A) the 3D model of the bones as generated from the CT dataset of the patient; (B) the CAD design for 3D printing, including the acetabulum and the support for the Image Target; (C) the 3D printer Dimension Elite; (D) and (E) the hard and soft components (respectively) of the hybrid simulator, including the Vuforia Image Target placed on top of an ad hoc support.