[Retracted] The Effect of Symptom Clusters and Sleep Disorder on Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (n = 223).

Characteristic	n (%) or mean (SD)
Demographic characteristics
Age, y	65.23 (5.64)
Gender
Male	152 (68.16)
Female	71 (31.84)
BMI (kg/m^2)
≤18.4	53 (23.77)
18.5∼23.9	112 (50.22)
24∼27.9	42 (18.83)
≥28	16 (7.18)
Educational level
High-school degree or less	201 (90.13)
College graduate	22 (8.52)
Marital status
Married	163 (70.8)
Divorced or separated	60 (26.9)
Work status
Employed	40 (17.94)
Unemployed	183 (82.06)
Religious belief
Buddhism	9 (4.03)
Christianity	3 (1.35)
None	208 (93.27)
Medical insurance
Yes	219 (98.2)
No	4 (1.79)
Monthly income, RMB
<2000	19 (8.52)
2000∼4999	163 (73.09)
≥5000	41 (18.3)
Smoking status
Former or current	195 (87.4)
Never	28 (12.56)
Clinical characteristics
Disease duration, y
<1	29 (13.0)
2∼5	155 (69.5)
>5	39 (17.5)
Inhaled drugs’ therapy
Yes	153 (68.6)
No	70 (31.4)
Number of exacerbations of COPD, per year
0	44 (19.73)
1∼5	160 (71.75)
≥6	19 (8.52)
CAT	20.31 (6.47)
mMRC grade
0	3 (1.34)
1	53 (23.8)
2	62 (27.8)
3	92 (41.3)
4	13 (5.83)

Notes: BMI, body mass index; RMB, Ren Min Bi; inhaled drugs’ therapy, treatment with inhaled corticosteroid; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale.