[Retracted] The Effect of Symptom Clusters and Sleep Disorder on Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 4

Quality of life, symptom scores, and sleep quality in poor sleep and normal sleep groups determined by the PSQI.

Variable	Total (n = 223)	Poor sleep group (n = 157)	Normal sleep group (n = 66)
QOL
SGRQ symptom score	54.7 (20.4)	55.1 (22.3)	51.3 (19.1)	0.082
SGRQ activity score	64.7 (29.5)	70.2 (20.8)	61 (33.8)	0.015
SGRQ impact score	39.1 (21.3)	46.9 (18.1)	31.1 (16.4)	0.004
SGRQ total score	52.3 (22.1)	57.1 (19.3)	47.4 (27.9)	0.006
Symptom cluster
Factor 2
Feeling sad	1.62 (1.01–2.27)	2.45 (1.42–3.01)	1.13 (0.57–1.65)	<0.0001
Feeling irritable	1.44 (0.80–2.01)	2.23 (1.27–2.87)	0.92 (0.45–1.33)	<0.0001
Worrying	1.56 (1.03–2.42)	1.64 (1.03–2.29)	1.09 (0.51–1.87)	0.058
Factor 3
Lack of energy	2.28 (1.55–2.91)	3.04 (1.87–3.36)	1.55 (1.01–2.38)	<0.0001
Feeling drowsy	1.13 (0.57–1.65)	2.15 (1.13–2.67)	1.02 (0.47–1.65)	0.001
Difficulty sleeping	2.98 (1.79–3.58)	3.31 (2.11–3.67)	2.14 (1.28–2.98)	<0.0001