[Retracted] Reversing Postcardiopulmonary Bypass Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Using k-Opioid Receptor Agonists to Regulate Microglial Polarization via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway

Figure 2

KORs regulate MI polarization state in CPB rats. (a) For detection of MI polarization state transitions, immunofluorescent counterstaining of iNOS/IBA-1 and arg-1/IBA-1 was carried out (scale bar = 50 μm). Accumulated IBA-1 expressions were detected when CPB occurred, and the MI polarization transition from M1 toward M2 phenotype was also observed when U50488H was applied to CPB rats. (b) Contents of inflammatory factors, M-CSF (pg/ml), IL-6 (pg/ml), and TNF-ɑ (pg/ml), in rats’ brain tissue samples were determined using ELISA. All data in charts were represented as mean ± standard deviation; “” was labeled when the comparative significance between groups ( value) was less than 0.05.

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