Step 1: administer orthodontic treatment of teeth by the MOPSO algorithm, and obtain the set of orthodontic solutions .
Step 2: calculate the set of dental positional solutions for the mth stage of the MOPSO algorithm based on the path solution set obtained in Step 1.
Step 3: orthodontics by the MOPSO algorithm in Section 3.1.3.
Step 3.1: initialize the swarm size to the number of teeth, and the number of particles in the particle swarm to Z.
Step 3.2: calculate the value of the fitness function of the particle swarm according to (8) and determine the value of the current particle optimal position and the current particle swarm optimal position .
Step 3.3: update the velocity and position of each particle by (9), and determine whether the maximum number of iterations is reached or whether the ideal position is reached; if not, return to Step 3.2, and if reached, terminate the planning.
Step 4: output the solution set of each particle group in the mth phase of the particle swarm.
