[Retracted] Application of Clavien–Dindo Classification System for Complications of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Table 1

Comparison of CDCS of MPCNL complication in 390 patients (n (%)).

Grade	Complications	Incidence rate
Grade I		27 (6.92%)
	Body temperature ≧39°C	19 (4.87%)
	Increase of CCR, (alanine aminotransferase) ALT	5 (1.28%)
	Application of analgesic drugs	3 (0.77%)
Grade II		32 (8.21%)
	Blood transfusion caused by intraoperative bleeding	12 (3.08%)
	Urinary infections	16 (4.10%)
	Perirenal effusion	4 (1.03%)
Grade IIIa		8 (2.05%)
	Urinary tract obstruction	3 (0.77%)
	Closed drainage of thoracic cavity	2 (0.51%)
	Embolization of renal artery caused by bleeding	1 (0.26%)
	Renal pelvis perforation	1 (0.26%)
Grade IIIb		3 (0.77%)
	Renal abscess	2 (0.51%)
	Unilateral nephrectomy	1 (0.26%)
Grade IVa		6 (1.54%)
	Myocardial infarction	2 (0.51%)
	Cerebral stroke	2 (0.51%)
	Colonic injury	1 (0.26%)
	Acute renal failure	1 (0.26%)
Grade IVb		1 (0.26%)
	Shock	1 (0.26%)
Grade V		1 (0.26%)
	Death	1 (0.26%)