Research Article
[Retracted] Application of Clavien–Dindo Classification System for Complications of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Table 2
Comparison of complications in two groups (n (%)).
| | Items | | Observation group (78) | Control group (312) | χ2 | |
| | Gender | | | | | Male | 52 (66.67%) | 207 (66.35%) | 0.052 | 0.820 | | | Female | 26 (33.33%) | 110 (33.65%) | | Age (years) | | | | | >60 | 59 (75.64%) | 193 (61.86%) | 5.184 | 0.023 | | | ≦60 | 19 (24.36%) | 119 (38.14%) | | BMI (body mass index) (kg/m2) | | | | | >23 | 46 (58.97%) | 190 (60.90%) | 0.097 | 0.756 | | | ≦23 | 32 (41.03%) | 122 (39.10%) | | Demographic characteristics | | | | | Urban | 55 (70.51%) | 219 (70.19%) | 0.003 | 0.956 | | | Rural | 23 (29.49%) | 93 (29.81%) | | Associated comorbidities | | | | | Yes | 30 (38.46%) | 136 (24.36%) | 6.270 | 0.012 | | | No | 48 (61.54%) | 176 (75.64%) | | Preoperative albumin (g/L) | | | | | ≧35 | 65 (83.33%) | 217 (69.55%) | 6.843 | 0.009 | | | <35 | 12 (16.67%) | 95 (30.45%) | | Stone complexity | | | | | Simple | 39 (50.00%) | 216 (69.23%) | 10.196 | 0.001 | | | Complex | 39 (50.00%) | 96 (30.77%) | | Operation time (min) | | | | | >180 | 55 (70.51%) | 96 (30.76%) | 41.541 | ≤0.001 | | | ≦180 | 23 (29.49%) | 216 (69.23%) | | Intraoperative bleeding volume (mL) | | | | | >300 | 42 (53.85%) | 114 (36.54%) | 8.337 | 0.004 | | | ≦300 | 35 (46.15%) | 198 (63.46%) | | Hospital stays (d) | | | | | >7 | 47 (60.26%) | 135 (43.27%) | 7.235 | 0.007 | | | ≦7 | 31 (39.74%) | 177 (56.73%) | | Anesthesia methods | | | | | Epidural anesthesia | 54 (69.23%) | 201 (64.42%) | 0.637 | 0.425 | | | General anesthesia | 24 (30.77%) | 111 (35.58%) |
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