Efficacy of Enhanced Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells as an Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Figure 2

Cytotoxicities of enhanced CIK cells against RCC cells and nonkidney cells. (a) The cytotoxic effects of CIK cells on HEK-293 and ACHN at a ratio of 8 : 1, 16 : 1, 32 : 1, and 64 : 1 (CIK/target cell). CIK treatment was initiated 24 h after seeding the tumor cells in 96-well plates. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 after 36 h of CIK treatment. Results were expressed as percentages of CCK8 absorbance with respect to the untreated control wells (mean ± S.D. of 3 independent experiments with 3 wells each). Meanwhile, four nonkidney cell lines including SPC-A-1, HCT-116, BGC 823, and BEL 7404 were also studied for control. (b–d) The levels of granzyme B, perforin, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in supernate from ACHN cells or HEK-293 incubated with CIK cells. , as compared with untreated control wells or CIK alone wells by Student’s t-tests.

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