[Retracted] Study on Collision Detection and Force Feedback Algorithm in Virtual Surgery

Table 6

Single-step execution time of different numerical methods.

Numerical methods	Prime number	Time (ms)	Frames
Traditional Euler algorithm	4121	9.81	93.25
	1568	7.14	152.41
	487	2.31	332.61
Improved Euler algorithm	4121	0.91	1449.07
	1468	0.58	2680.18
	447	0.11	9241.33
Runge–Kutta algorithm	734	27	21.35
	682	21	31.47