Development and External Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Stomach Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Table 2

Univariate analysis of survival in the Training Group.

Variables	Training Group (n = 4456)
	5-year survival (%)	HR	95% CI	value
Age, years
<65	60.00	Ref
65–80	55.78	1.147	(1.038, 1.267)	0.007
≥81	42.76	1.717	(1.521, 1.939)	<0.001
Gender
Male	54.91	Ref
Female	55.66	0.973	(0.890, 1.064)	0.549
Race
White	52.11	Ref
Black	53.72	0.952	(0.844, 1.074)	0.427
Others	62.97	0.706	(0.663, 0.788)	<0.001
Marital status
Married	57.71	Ref
Widowed	47.21	1.457	(1.293, 1.643)	<0.001
Others	53.87	1.150	(1.034, 1.277)	0.010
Primary site
Stomach, NOS	48.07	Ref
Fundus	56.10	0.824	(0.629, 1.078)	0.158
Body of stomach	60.73	0.700	(0.581, 0.843)	<0.001
Antrum	55.61	0.816	(0.698, 0.953)	0.010
Pylorus	57.02	0.829	(0.651, 1.055)	0.127
Lesser curvature	59.62	0.703	(0.586, 0.843)	<0.001
Greater curvature	54.84	0.831	(0.659, 1.046)	0.115
Overlapping lesion	45.40	1.083	(0.901, 1.301)	0.395
T stage
T1	80.54	Ref
T2	73.62	1.439	(1.164, 1.779)	<0.001
T3	71.17	2.903	(2.473, 3.407)	<0.001
T4	31.46	5.641	(4.832, 6.586)	<0.001
N stage
N0	74.51	Ref
N1	55.39	2.031	(1.769, 2.330)	<0.001
N2	47.73	2.670	(2.337, 3.052)	<0.001
N3	47.47	4.310	(3.833, 4.846)	<0.001
M stage
M0	59.19	Ref
M1	20.57	3.196	(2.848, 3.585)	<0.001
Tumor size, cm
≤4	67.44	Ref
>4	77.33	2.088	(1.905, 2.289)	<0.001
Insurance
Uninsured	54.36	Ref
Any Medicaid	53.15	0.933	(0.719, 1.212)	0.603
Insured	56.61	0.985	(0.762, 1.272)	0.908
No specific insured	52.74	0.826	(0.647, 1.054)	0.125
Surgery
Yes	55.53	Ref
No	18.92	3.424	(2.386, 4.914)	<0.001
Radiation
Yes	56.75	Ref
No	55.71	1.232	(1.112, 1.364)	<0.001
Chemotherapy
Yes	80.08	Ref
No	54.68	1.184	(1.084, 1.293)	<0.001
Grade
I + II	65.75	Ref
III + IV	50.66	1.656	(1.492, 1.837)	<0.001
Regional nodes positive (M (Q1, Q3))	1.054		(1.049, 1.058)	<0.001

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.