[Retracted] Tooth Loss and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Grade evidence profile: Association between tooth loss and ischemic stroke.

Certainty assessment							Summary of findings				Certainty
							№ of patients		Effect
No of studies	Study design	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	Tooth loss	Control	Relative soft-enter (95% CI)	Absolute soft-enter (95% CI)
4	Cohort studies	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Not serious	Strong association, soft-enter dose response gradient	7290/485134 (1.5%)	24867/4138665 (0.6%)	RR 2.58 soft-enter (2.39 to 2.79)	9 more per 1,000 soft-enter (from 8 more to 11 more)	⊕⊕⊕⊕
											High
3	Case-control studies	Not serious	Serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Strong association	931 cases 784 controls		MD-4.15 soft-enter (−6.09 to −2.22)	0 fewer per 1,000 soft-enter (from 0 fewer to 0 fewer)	⊕⊕○○
											Low
							—	0%

Notes: a. Considerable heterogeneity (I² = 77%). Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio.