Effect of Unilateral Knee Extension Restriction on the Lumbar Region during Gait

Figure 3

The ensemble average of all participants of anterior force (a) lateral force (b) and vertical force (c) acting on the L4–5 joint. “Normal” denotes normal walking, and “15°” and “30°” indicate the right knee extension restriction condition. Time was normalized across the whole gait cycle of the right lower limb. The shaded regions indicate early stance of the bilateral lower limbs, and peaks of those were analysed statistically. and indicate a significant difference between the normal condition at and , respectively. † shows the significant difference of 15° at .

(a)

(b)

(c)