Effect of Unilateral Knee Extension Restriction on the Lumbar Region during Gait

Table 1

Gait velocity, knee, and trunk angle during gait under three conditions (mean ± standard deviation).

		Normal	15°	30°	F or χ^2	value	η^2
Gait velocity (m/s)		1.11 ± 0.11	0.88 ± 0.18	0.86 ± 0.18	F = 30.49	<0.001	0.337
Right knee extension
Angle (°)		−4.2 ± 4.9	−17.0 ± 7.7	−27.3 ± 0.2†	χ^2 = 34.00	<0.001	1.000
Moment (Nm/kg)		0.51 ± 0.24	0.73 ± 0.28	0.86 ± 0.37	χ^2 = 17.29	<0.001	0.509
Left knee extension
Angle (°)		−4.9 ± 5.6	−12.3 ± 7.7	−17.1 ± 9.7†	F = 24.14	<0.001	0.290
Moment (Nm/kg)		0.55 ± 0.22	0.57 ± 0.29	0.69 ± 0.33†	F = 4.06	0.027	0.043
Trunk angle (°)
Flexion	1st	−4.9 ± 3.7	−11.1 ± 6.1	−14.6 ± 6.8‡	F = 23.77	<0.001	0.345
	2nd	−4.5 ± 3.5	−11.5 ± 6.5	−14.8 ± 7.0†	F = 26.09	<0.001	0.363
Lateral	1st	1.6 ± 2.2	2.4 ± 2.3	3.2 ± 2.7	χ^2 = 10.42	0.005	0.306
	2nd	−0.4 ± 2.2	−1.2 ± 2.7	−0.8 ± 3.3	F = 1.39	0.263	0.013

1st indicates the peak of 0%–30%, and 2nd indicates the peak of 50%–80% of the right gait cycle. vs. Normal; vs. Normal; †p < 0.05 vs. 15; ‡p < 0.01 vs. 15°.