[Retracted] Biometric Authentication for Intelligent and Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Systems

Table 5

Different types of attacks: authentication and privacy-preserving healthcare systems.

Reference	Year	Attacks	Description
[37]	2012	Dictionary and password guessing attack	Guessing the password from a password list
[38]	2013	Denial of service	Denying service to the user by creating unnecessary traffic
[20]	2012	Impersonation attacks	Impersonating to be someone and stealing information
[39]	2013	Patient anonymity violation	Exploiting the hidden identity of the patient
[40]	2014	Spoofing	The act of misrepresenting a communication from an unknown source as coming from a recognized, reliable source.
[22]	2012	Malware infusion	Ingesting malware into the system so that it does not work properly
[23]	2016	Man in the middle	Capturing and listening to the information being passed from the sender to the receiver and vice versa.
[21]	2015	Tracing attacks	In each session, the patient uses the same identifier, leading to the disclosure of private information.