Biomechanical Effect of Disc Height on the Components of the Lumbar Column at the Same Axial Load: A Finite-Element Study

Figure 4

Von-Mises stress comparison according to changes in the anterior disc height at the lumbar spine in four different motions. (a) Flexion mode, (b) extension mode, (c) lateral bending mode, and (d) axial rotation mode.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)