SN Authors Year Research findings Remark 01 Saloni, Pradhuman V, P Mahajan, Ankush, Sukhleen Kaur, and Sakshi [16 ] 2020 Three parameters out of five mandible ramus variables studied showed statistically ( Mandible ramus may be used as an alternate tool in determining gender based on OPG 02 Poornima V, Surekha, Venkateswara Rao, G. Deepthi, Naveen S, and Arun Kumar [17 ] 2020 Right and left permanent mandible teeth were evaluated in OPG using the Camerier technique High accuracy is achieved based on the Camerier method applied from an Indian-specific formula 03 A Okkesim and S Erhamza [18 ] 2020 The average value in min ramus width for males is 31.7 mm and for females is 29 mm. The average projection height value of ramus in females is measured 53.9 mm and in males is 48 mm Mandible ramus in CBCT-based model exhibits significant differences in gender determination 04 N Vila, R. R. Vilas, and M. J. Carreira [19 ] 2020 Gender is evaluated based on DASNet and VVG 16 architecture Accuracy of gender classification is 83% for DASNet and 90% for VGG-16 05 Vathsala Patil, Ravindranath, Saumya, Adithya, and Namesh [20 ] 2020 Gender determination based on mandible parameters using a logistic regression technique In discriminant analysis, accuracy is 69%, in logistic regression, accuracy is 70%, and ANN shows the highest accuracy of 75% 06 J Albernaz, Nathalie A, Ferreira, Vanessa, and Proença [21 ] 2020 Teeth cast was used for the experimental procedure. Mesiodistal width of Rt. 1st molar to Lt. 1st molar was measured on each cast Gender determination was classified with accuracy of 75% 07 Dalessandri D, Ingrid Tonni, Laura L, Marco Migliorati, Gaetano I, LVisconti, Stefano B, and C Paganelli [22 ] 2020 Reliability and accuracy of OPG versus CBCT for determination of age and gender CBCT was found to be accurate when compared with OPG images in prediction 08 Stella A and Thirumalai [23 ] 2020 Tooth was divided into different stages starting from A stage to H stage Individual age assessment using the Demirjian and the Nolla methods 09 Ahima Bali Behl [24 ] 2020 Measurement of bicondylar breadth (BB), gonial angle measurement, antegonial angle (AGA), ramus height, and ramus breadth (RHRB) Upper and lower breadths of ramus were calculated. Ramus condylar height and coronoid height were measured appropriately 10 Vanessa M A, Rocharles, Andreia D’Souza, Casimiro, Andrea, Francisco C, and Deborah Q Eduardo Jr. [25 ] 2019 Equations for prediction of age and gender using pulp volumes from upper canine and upper central incisor High accuracy can be achieved by using this formula when it is applied to pulp volume 11 Wallraff Sarah, Vesal Sulaiman, Syben Christopher, Lutz Rainer, and Maier Andreas [15 ] 2021 Unisex and sex-specific approaches based on deep learning methods achieve better results on the test data set Male gender is slightly estimated younger than female gender
