Establishment and Validation for Predicting the Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Table 6

The performance of the prediction model based on different populations.

Subgroup	Parameter (95% CI)	Test set	External validation
Gender (males)	AUC	0.793 (0.720–0.866)	0.603 (0.530–0.675)
	Sensitivity	0.919 (0.781–0.983)	0.621 (0.493–0.738)
	Specificity	0.580 (0.498–0.658)	0.571 (0.502–0.639)
	PPV	0.340 (0.248–0.442)	0.313 (0.235–0.400)
	NPV	0.968 (0.910–0.993)	0.828 (0.756–0.885)
	Accuracy	0.644 (0.573–0.712)	0.583 (0.523–0.642)
Gender (females)	AUC	0.729 (0.635–0.822)	0.673 (0.597–0.749)
	Sensitivity	0.875 (0.710–0.965)	0.358 (0.245–0.485)
	Specificity	0.441 (0.347–0.539)	0.821 (0.751–0.879)
	PPV	0.311 (0.218–0.417)	0.471 (0.329–0.615)
	NPV	0.925 (0.818–0.979)	0.743 (0.669–0.807)
	Accuracy	0.538 (0.453–0.622)	0.679 (0.613–0.740)
Age (≥65 years)	AUC	0.755 (0.688–0.821)	0.478 (0.339–0.617)
	Sensitivity	0.896 (0.773–0.965)	1.000 (0.832–1.000)
	Specificity	0.548 (0.476–0.618)	1.000 (0.937–1.000)
	PPV	0.323 (0.245–0.410)	0.740 (0.628–0.834)
	NPV	0.956 (0.901–0.986)	—
	Accuracy	0.615 (0.552–0.676)	0.740 (0.628–0.834)
Age (<65 years)	AUC	0.794 (0.681–0.907)	0.644 (0.587–0.700)
	Sensitivity	0.905 (0.696–0.988)	0.398 (0.307–0.495)
	Specificity	0.464 (0.343–0.588)	0.734 (0.680–0.782)
	PPV	0.339 (0.218–0.478)	0.357 (0.274–0.447)
	NPV	0.941 (0.803–0.993)	0.766 (0.713–0.814)
	Accuracy	0.567 (0.458–0.671)	0.643 (0.595–0.689)
Grade (I)	AUC	0.722 (0.583–0.861)	0.695 (0.635–0.755)
	Sensitivity	1.000 (0.158–1.000)	0.500 (0.395–0.605)
	Specificity	0.905 (0.804–0.964)	0.764 (0.702–0.818)
	PPV	1.000 (0.541–1.000)	0.475 (0.373–0.578)
	NPV	0.966 (0.883–0.996)	0.781 (0.720–0.835)
	Accuracy	0.877 (0.772–0.945)	0.685 (0.630–0.736)
Grade (II)	AUC	0.645 (0.540–0.750)	0.632 (0.523–0.742)
	Sensitivity	0.870 (0.664–0.972)	0.667 (0.482–0.820)
	Specificity	0.429 (0.332–0.529)	0.474 (0.370–0.579)
	PPV	0.250 (0.160–0.359)	0.306 (0.202–0.425)
	NPV	0.938 (0.828–0.987)	0.804 (0.676–0.898)
	Accuracy	0.508 (0.418–0.597)	0.523 (0.433–0.612)
Grade (III)	AUC	0.731 (0.647–0.815)	0.803 (0.606–0.999)
	Sensitivity	0.955 (0.845–0.994)	0.833 (0.359–0.996)
	Specificity	0.310 (0.221–0.410)	0.457 (0.309–0.610)
	PPV	0.378 (0.288–0.475)	0.167 (0.056–0.347)
	NPV	0.939 (0.798–0.993)	0.955 (0.772–0.999)
	Accuracy	0.507 (0.422–0.591)	0.500 (0.358–0.642)

Note: AUCarea under the curve; PPVpositive predictive value; NPVnegative predictive value.