[Retracted] A Data-Driven Medical Decision Framework for Associating Adverse Drug Events with Drug-Drug Interaction Mechanisms

Table 1

Proposed mechanisms of drug-drug interaction according to the D3 framework [29].

#	Mechanism	Definition
1	Protein binding [30]	Displacement reactions between two drugs
2	Metabolic induction [31]	Induction is caused by one of two drugs
3	Metabolic inhibition [31]	Inhibition is caused by one of two drugs
4	Transporter induction [32]	Induction is caused by one of two drugs
5	Transporter inhibition [32]	Inhibition is caused by one of two drugs
6	Multiple pathways [33]	Both drugs share enzymes and transporters
7	Competitive pharmacological [34]	Both drugs share a target
8	Additive pharmacodynamic [35]	Both drugs share mechanisms of action
9	Indication similarity [36]	Both drugs treat the same disease
10	Side-effect similarity [31]	Both drugs share side effects