Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway

Figure 7

Image above shows the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. The stem extract of A. sessilis has inhibited the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of the inhibitory protein, IκBα complex. Hence, the NF-κB subunit p65 stayed intact with the inhibitory protein, stopping the cytoplasm-residing NF-κB subunit p65 from being translocated to the nucleus to activate the proinflammatory gene expression.