Lymph Node-Targeting Nanovaccine through Antigen-CpG Self-Assembly Potentiates Cytotoxic T Cell Activation

Figure 5

Immune response in lymph nodes with different vaccination formulations. (a) Expression of recognition signals (SIINFEKL-MHC-I) and costimulatory markers (CD40 and CD86) in CD8⁺ DCs at 24 h after immunization. (b) The distributions of OVA and CpG in lymph nodes at 8 h after immunization with different vaccine formulations (OVA was labeled with Cy5 and is represented in red; CpG was labeled with FITC and is represented in green; nuclei were labeled with DAPI and are represented in blue; and the colocalization of OVA and CpG is shown in orange). (c) In vivo proliferation of OVA-specific T cells at 24 h after immunization. (d) In vitro killing assay showing the percentage of specific lysis at different effector/target (E : T) cell ratios. The bars represent sd. Statistical significance was defined as .

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