Evaluation of the Ability of Miltefosine Associated with Topical GM-CSF in Modulating the Immune Response of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Figure 1

Cytokine production by PBMC from CL patients during therapy. PBMC from patients treated with miltefosine + GM-CSF (), miltefosine + placebo () and Sb^v () were stimulated with SLA (5 μg/mL) for 72 hours on day 0 and 15 of therapy. (a) Granzyme B, (b) IFN-γ, (c) TNF, (d) IL-1β, (e) CXCL10, (f) IL-10, and (g) CXCL9 levels were determined in culture supernatants by ELISA. The data is represented with median and interquartile range. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon’s or Mann-Whitney’s rank test; , , , and .

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