Evaluation of the Ability of Miltefosine Associated with Topical GM-CSF in Modulating the Immune Response of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Figure 2

Miltefosine plus GM-CSF treatment enhances reactive oxygen species production by monocytes after L. braziliensis infection. Monocytes from CL patients were evaluated on day 0 and 15 of treatment with miltefosine + GM-CSF (), miltefosine + placebo (), and Sb^v (). The cells were treated with DHR (10 ng/mL—10 min) and infected with L. braziliensis promastigotes for 25 minutes at a 5 : 1 ratio. Cells were stained with anti-CD14 and anti-HLA-DR. Data were collected using flow cytometry and analyzed using FlowJo® software. (a) Representative gating strategy on CD14⁺ and HLA-DR⁺ expression in monocytes from one CL patient. DHR MFI was taken from CD14⁺ HLA-DR⁺ population. (b) The data represent the mean of fluorescence intensity (MFI) of oxidative burst production by monocytes from CL patients inserted in the treatment groups. The data is represented with median and interquartile ranges. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney’s test for unpaired groups and Wilcoxon’s rank test for paired measurements; .

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