Research Article
Rotavirus VP6 Adjuvant Effect on Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Uptake and Presentation by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Figure 5
Functionality of norovirus GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs) and rotavirus VP6-pulsed BMDCs in vitro. Splenocytes of mice immunized with GII.4 VLPs (a) or VP6 (b) were analyzed for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by an ELISpot assay after overnight stimulation with an increasing number of unpulsed, or GII.4 VLP- or VP6-pulsed (100 μg/ml) BMDCs, or native protein antigens (30 μg/ml). Mean IFN-γ spot-forming cells (SFCs) per 106 viable splenocytes with standard errors of two to three independent experiments are shown. Unpulsed and GII.4 VLP-pulsed BMDCs were cocultured with GII.4 VLP-immunized mouse splenocytes on a 24-well microplate for seven days, and the supernatant was collected for the measurement of GII.4-specific IgG (c) by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods. GII.4 VLP was added at the concentration of 0.05 μg/ml as a control, representing the theoretical free protein concentration in the BMDC preparations. Shown are the mean optical density (OD) values of two GII.4 VLP-primed mice with standard deviations.
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