The Function of T Follicular Helper Cells in the Autoimmune Liver Diseases

Table 1

Influence of follicular helper T cells (TFH) in human and mouse AILDs.

Disease	ICOS	IL-21	PD-1	CXCR5	BCL-6	OX40	TFR/TFH ratio	References
								Mouse	Human
AIH	-	Pathogenic	Pathogenic	-	-	-	Pathogenic	[20, 21]	[19] [7] [18] [24, 25] [17]
PBC	Pathogenic	Pathogenic	Pathogenic	-	-	Pathogenic	Controversial	-	[6] [31] [32] [33] [34]
PSC	-	-	Controversial	Controversial	-	-	-	-	[33]
IgG4-SC	-	-	Pathogenic	-	-	-	-	-	[32]

AILDs: autoimmune liver diseases; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; PBC: primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; IgG4-SC: IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1; CXCR5: CXC chemokine receptor 5; ICOS: inducible T cell costimulator; IL-21: cytokine interleukin- (IL-) 21; BCL-6: B cell lymphoma 6; OX40: tumor necrosis factor receptor; TFR: T follicular regulatory.