Immunomodulatory Effects of Canine Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Stimulated CD4⁺ T Cells Isolated from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Figure 4

Proliferative ability of CD4⁺ T cells cocultured with cADSC-EVs. (a) Proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells was assayed using the CFSE method by flow cytometry. Segments represent the percentages of CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. (b) Comparison of proliferative CD4⁺ T cells treated with various concentrations (1, 5, and 10 μg/ml) of naive or primed cADSC-EVs. The inhibitive effects on CD4⁺ T cells were not significantly different between naive and primed EVs at same concentrations. The solid line indicates the average. vs. CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with ConA. , between groups. , between groups.

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