Elevated Serum Chloride Levels Contribute to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Table 1
Relationship between the serum chloride and demographic, clinical, and pathologic data.
Characters
Total ()
Low group ()
High group ()
value
Demographic data
Age (years)
0.050
Male (%)
212 (54)
125 (52)
87 (57)
0.392
Clinical data
Hypertension (%)
154 (39%)
89 (36%)
65 (41%)
0.309
BUN (mmol/l)
5.80 (4.50, 7.70)
5.62 (4.40, 7.15)
6.20 (4.62, 8.31)
0.043
sCr (umol/l)
85.25 (68.00, 120.00)
83.00 (67.00, 111.25)
94.50 (70.00, 145.00)
0.004
UA (umol/l)
341.00 (283.00,422.00)
329.00 (271.00, 415.00)
369.00 (293.75, 427.25)
0.093
ALB (g/l)
37.30 (29.20, 41.50)
39.10 (34.30, 42.90)
33.80 (24.95, 38.95)
<0.001
24 h-UTP (g/d)
1.86 (0.95,4.04)
1.46 (0.84,3.44)
2.64 (1.28,4.98)
<0.001
Urine RBC (/HP)
42.00 (9.00,181.00)
41.00 (10.00,161.00)
49.00 (8.00,187.00)
0.730
Serum C3 (g/l)
1.16 (0.93,1.41)
1.20 (0.98,1.48)
1.11 (0.90,1.26)
0.004
Serum C4 (g/l)
0.26 (0.21,0.32)
0.25 (0.21,0.31)
0.28 (0.21,0.33)
0.124
Hb (g/l)
0.010
K (mmol/l)
0.091
Na (mmol/l)
<0.001
Ca (mmol/l)
<0.001
Mg(mmol/l)
0.016
P (mmol/l)
0.812
SIgA (g/l)
2.89 (2.12,3.88)
2.86 (2.17,3.95)
2.89 (1.97,3.75)
0.459
SIgG (g/l)
9.69 (6.57,11.80)
10.20 (7.99,12.80)
8.63 (5.32,10.97)
0.009
SIgM (g/l)
1.01 (0.76,1.43)
1.06 (0.83,1.40)
0.91 (0.66,1.50)
0.137
Histopathological data
M [M0/M1, (%)]
303 (77)/91 (23)
192 (80)/48 (20)
111 (72)/43 (28)
0.069
E [E0/E1, (%)]
277 (70)/117 (30)
185 (77)/55 (23)
92 (60)/62 (40)
<0.001
S [S0/S1, (%)]
141 (36)/253 (64)
87 (36)/153 (64)
54 (35)/100 (65)
0.811
T [T0/T1/T2, (%)]
275 (70)/52 (13)/67 (17)
178 (74)/30 (13)/32 (13)
97 (63)/22 (14)/35 (23)
0.012
C [C0/C1/C2, (%)]
246 (63)/135 (34)/12 (3)
155 (65)/78 (33)/6 (3)
91 (59)/57 (37)/6 (4)
0.227
IgG [0/1/2, (%)]
325 (83)/50 (13)/18 (5)
195 (82)/33 (14)/11 (5)
130 (84)/17 (11)/7 (5)
0.491
IgM (0/1/2/3, (%)]
115 (29)/200 (51)/66 (17)/4 (1)
70 (30)/123 (53)/38 (16)/3 (1)
45 (30)/77 (51)/28 (18)/1 (0.7)
0.835
IgA [0/1/2/3/4, (%)]
4 (1)/22 (6)/277 (71)/88 (22)/1 (0.3)
2 (0.8)/10 (4)/168 (71)/57 (24)/1 (0.4)
2 (1)/12 (8)/109 (71)/31 (20)/0 (0)
0.133
C3 [0/1/2/3, (%)]
108 (28)/82 (21)/165 (42)/33 (9)
62 (26)/55 (23)/100 (42)/19 (8)
46 (31)/27 (18)/65 (42)/14 (9)
0.909
A [0/1/2, (%)]
133 (34)/83 (21)/178 (45)
90 (38)/46 (19)/104 (43)
43 (28)/37 (24)/74 (48)
0.131
Tubular necrosis [0/1, (%)]
37 (95)/19 (5)
229 (95)/11 (5)
146 (95)/8 (5)
0.782
GS%
0.10 (0.00,0.27)
0.10 (0.00,0.26)
0.09 (0.00,0.34)
0.707
SS%
0.04 (0.00,0.10)
0.03 (0.00,0.10)
0.04 (0.00,0.11)
0.703
Low group: and high group: . BUN: blood urine nitrogen; sCr: serum creatinine; UA: urine acid; ALB: albumin; 24 h-UTP: 24hour-urine protein; urine RBC: urine red blood cell; serum C3: serum complement 3; serum C4: serum complement 4; Hb: hemoglobin; K: potassium; Na: sodium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; P: phosphorus; SIgA: serum immunoglobulin A; SIgG: serum immunoglobulin G; SIgM: serum immunoglobulin M. For Oxford classification, mesangial cell proliferation score (M): M0 for , M1 for ; endothelial cell hyperplasia (E): E0 for absent and E1 for present; segmental sclerosis or adhesion (S): S0 for absent and S1 for present; renal tubule atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis (T): T0 for 25% renal tubule atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis, T1 for 26% ~ 50% ,and ; crescentic lesions (C): C0 is no crescent, C1 is <25% globular crescent and C2 is ≥25% globular crescent. For immunofluorescence, immunoglobulin G(IgG): 0 for -/+, 1 for +, and 2 for ++; IgM, immunoglobulin M(IgM): 0 for -/+, 1 for +, 2 for ++, and 3 for +++; immunoglobulin A(IgA): 0 for-/+, 1 for +, 2 for ++, 3 for +++, and 4 for ++++; complement 3(C3): 0 for-/+, 1 for +, 2 for ++, and 3 for+++; the degree of vascular injury (A): 0 for no obvious abnormality, 1 for simple vascular wall thickening and 2 for not only vascular wall thickening, but also other lesions, such as fibrinoid necrosis and vitreous degeneration; renal tubular necrosis: 0 for no necrosis and 1 for necrosis. GS: glomerular sclerosis; SS: segmental sclerosis.
