Elevated Serum Chloride Levels Contribute to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Table 2

Cox regression analysis of the effect of serum chloride ion on the prognosis of IgAN patients.

Models	HR (95% CI)	value
Unadjusted	3.22 (1.76-5.86)	<0.001
Model1^a	3.09 (1.69-5.64)	<0.001
Model2^b	2.33 (1.20-4.55)	0.01
Model3^c	2.05 (1.03-4.07)	0.04

HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Unadjusted model only included serum chloride which as qualitative data (<105.4 mmol/L and ≥105.4 mmol/L). was reference. ^aModel 1 was adjusted for sex and age. Sex was analyzed as dichotomous data, and the male was used as reference. ^bModel 2 was adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus serum creatinine, 24-hour urine protein, and hypertension (yes or no), and no hypertension was used as reference. ^cModel 3 was adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus Oxford classification grade M (mesangial hypercellularity), E (the presence of endocapillary proliferation), S (segmental glomerulosclerosis/adhesion), T (severity of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis), and C (presence of crescent) scores. The latter five variables were analyzed as categorical data. M0/E0/S0/T0/C0 was used as references.