Propofol Suppresses Microglia Inflammation by Targeting TGM2/NF-κB Signaling

Figure 6

Propofol targets TGM2-NF-κB signaling in primary microglia activation. (a) TGM2 protein expression in primary microglia upon treatment with LPS and/or propofol was determined by Western blotting. (b) The effect of propofol on NF-κB activity in LPS-primed primary microglia was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay (). (c) Western blotting analysis of the effect of constitutively active IKKβ (CA-IKKβ) or TGM2 overexpression on the p-NF-κB and NF-κB levels in LPS-primed primary microglia with propofol treatment; β-actin was loaded as a control. (d) The effects of constitutively active IKKβ (CA-IKKβ) or TGM2 overexpression on the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (Il1b, IL6, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Nos2) in LPS-primed primary microglia with propofol treatment were determined by real-time qPCR analysis (). (e) The effects of constitutively active IKKβ (CA-IKKβ) or TGM2 overexpression on the level of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in conditioned medium from LPS-primed primary microglia with propofol treatment were analyzed by ELISA (). and .

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