Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 1

Characteristics of the study cohorts.

	SLE	HC
Fecal samples	33	28
Female	26 (78.79%)	14 (50%)
Age, years, mean ± SD	12.39 ± 2.40	10.61 ± 3.67
BMI, kg/m^2, mean ± SD	18.79 ± 2.30	18.57 ± 4.51
DISEASE ACTIVITY PARAMETERS IN SERUM
Elevated ESR, mm/h	11 (33.33%)
Elevated CRP, mg/L	1 (0.30%)
Reduced complement C3	18 (54.55%)
Reduced complement C4	17 (51.52%)
Positive ANA	21 (63.64%)
Positive ANCA	2 (6.06%)
Positive C1q	16 (48.48%)
SLEDAI SCORE
No or mild activity (0-4)	22 (66.67%)
Moderate activity (5-9)	2 (6.06%)
High activity (10-14)	9 (27.27%)
Very high activity (≥15)	0
TREATMENT
GCs + HCQ	3 (9.09%)
GCs + HCQ + CTX	12 (36.36%)
GCs + HCQ + CsA + CTX	2 (6.06%)
GCs + HCQ + MMF	15 (45.45%)
GCs + HCQ + CTX + MMF	1 (3.03%)

SD: standard deviation, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ANA: antinuclear antibody, ANCA: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, C1q: anti-C1q antibody. GCs: glucocorticoids, HCQ: hydroxychloroquine, CTX: cyclophosphamide, CsA: cyclosporin A, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil.