Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 3

Significantly different metabolites.

Description	VIP	Fold change (SLE/HC)	value		rt (s)
(S)-2-Aminobutyric acid	1.134457	7.300207	0.027901	102.0559	714.909
(Z)-6-Octadecenoic acid	1.460343	0.604532	0.00674	282.2502	91.72
16-Hydroxypalmitic acid	1.874055	0.499351	0.009079	314.2681	92.142
1-Oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	1.904087	0.331859	0.032946	522.3537	354.483
1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	2.796585	0.225656		454.2913	372.123
2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid	4.457651	4.059644	0.024633	117.0556	283.2115
2-Hydroxy-butanoic acid	1.365271	2.252586	0.000967	103.0398	364.888
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	7.504876	3.292347	0.042029	165.0556	213.446
3-Phenylpropanoic acid	8.186158	0.482206	0.018599	149.0607	197.716
5,10-Methylene-THF	2.02514	5.177854	0.038319	456.1695	81.174
9,10-DiHOME	1.759624	0.622241	0.018751	313.2384	197.908
Acetyl-DL-leucine	2.436625	3.258067	0.020322	172.0978	372.417
all cis-(6,9,12)-Linolenic acid	1.996995	0.552529	0.003271	279.2309	91.4225
Alpha-linolenic acid	1.125754	0.495219	0.027657	296.2578	85.836
Alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine	1.032981	6.993584	0.03739	263.1035	434.981
Bisindolylmaleimide I	1.251916	0.533825	0.034091	411.1837	60.485
cis-9-Palmitoleic acid	2.112812	0.530253	0.010487	315.2523	157.6505
Cyclohexylsulfamate	18.63932	0.399938	0.01068	178.0541	134.362
Daidzein	1.860198	0.37232	0.049911	253.0506	90.079
DL-Indole-3-lactic acid	1.389089	1.868281		188.0698	482.9055
DL-Methionine sulfoxide	1.188165	1.570971	0.013233	164.0387	705.022
Enalapril	2.770035	3.292851	0.02267	375.1845	335.5975
Formononetin	1.159497	12.16737	0.031198	269.08	75.902
Formylanthranilic acid	1.108129	1.780982	0.030492	164.035	124.961
Gamma-L-glutamyl-L-valine	1.260303	1.995892	0.001099	245.1144	738.78
Glycyl-L-leucine	1.714816	1.468498	0.009308	187.1089	549.388
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)	2.126813	6.47518	0.003054	421.2224	94.857
Hydroxyisocaproic acid	10.89455	4.366298	0.014686	131.0711	244.439
L-Alanine	1.917025	1.859043	0.000362	88.04036	663.2525
L-Glutamine	1.81976	2.137778	0.00051	145.0619	715.39
Linoleic acid	3.644522	0.377719		298.2736	84.196
L-Isoleucine	1.163985	4.459251	0.006748	261.182	497.738
L-Leucine	7.61484	1.835031		130.0874	497.981
L-Methionine	2.024436	2.05734	0.005488	148.0437	536.5665
L-Norleucine	1.193737	5.606042	0.047861	263.1959	493.5235
L-Phenylalanine	6.291687	1.785839	0.000231	164.072	482.6735
L-Tryptophan	2.780279	1.785305		203.0828	482.5715
L-Tyrosine	3.001494	1.658265	0.006866	180.0666	569.619
L-Valine	3.438313	3.006204	0.000931	116.0716	574.471
Methoprene (S)	1.236084	0.334761	0.004683	328.2844	64.9405
MG(18 : 2(9Z,12Z)/0 : 0/0 : 0)[rac]	3.617466	0.313071		355.2834	69.542
N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid	1.020191	0.48076	0.016099	174.0408	773.394
N-Acetylneuraminic acid	1.083761	0.539489	0.027489	310.1126	716.366
Nicotinate	1.873086	0.543751	0.001525	124.0383	412.64
Oleic acid	1.514581	0.359758	0.001028	265.2517	120.4355
Oxindole	1.01039	0.407327	0.033063	134.0594	80.262
Palmitic acid	4.166731	0.485449	0.035091	255.2329	88.202
p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	1.625958	2.672582	0.032862	151.0399	386.525
Pregnenolone sulfate	1.984757	0.31761	0.008648	395.1888	55.708
Stearidonic acid	2.760427	23.20345	0.040155	337.2366	372.7625
Sunitinib	3.289336	0.283469	0.002701	397.2046	61.461
trans-Cinnamate	1.407338	1.766262	0.000204	147.045	482.794
trans-Vaccenic acid	3.069738	0.496621	0.012385	283.2626	93.176
Tridecanoic acid (tridecylic acid)	1.351245	0.338885	0.032456	213.186	91.512
Tyramine	2.011381	1.73279	0.001232	120.0798	479.944
Vanillin	1.308743	1.345909	0.016492	151.0398	75.058

VIP: variable importance for the projection; : mass-to-charge ratio; rt (s): retention time. The VIP value was calculated based on orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to measure the influence and explanatory ability of each metabolite expression pattern on the classification discrimination of each group of samples, and to excavate the different metabolites with biological significance. Fold change describes the ratio of metabolite content (SLE/HC). value < 0.05 represents that metabolites have significant difference in one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA analysis.