Increased TNF-<i>α</i> Initiates Cytoplasmic Vacuolization in Whole Blood Coculture with Dengue Virus

<div>Wright-Giemsa staining images of whole blood (WB) cells 24 h postincubation. Following DENV (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.98583pt" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.2324905pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 46.8749 8.98583" width="46.8749pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M861 0V28C774 35 771 41 768 147L759 509C756 612 762 614 851 622V650H681L449 149L221 650H57V622C148 613 153 609 144 479L130 271C123 166 117 123 111 88C104 46 85 34 26 28V0H259V28C192 35 169 42 167 90C166 130 166 173 170 256L185 541H187L411 7H431L675 555H679L683 147C683 41 680 35 598 28V0H861Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.466,0)"><path d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.059,0)"><path d="M303 0V28C221 34 213 39 213 125V525C213 610 221 616 303 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 610 128 525V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H303Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.22,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.483,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>)</span> coculture in 100 <i>μ</i>l of WB <i>ex vivo</i> for 24 h, Wright-Giemsa staining, shown by an oil immersion field (100x objectives), presented histopathological changes in mononuclear cells (a). The percentages of vacuolated cells are shown (b). 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.53,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> compared to the mock group.</div>

Journal of Immunology Research

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Increased TNF-<i>α</i> Initiates Cytoplasmic Vacuolization in Whole Blood Coculture with Dengue Virus 

Journal of Immunology Research

Increased TNF-α Initiates Cytoplasmic Vacuolization in Whole Blood Coculture with Dengue Virus

Figure 2