Predictive Significance of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of surviving and nonsurviving patients in the training cohort.

	Surviving patients ()	Nonsurviving patients ()	value
Gender (, %)			0.076
Male	79 (45.66%)	37 (58.73%)
Female	94 (54.34%)	26 (41.27%)
Age (years)	55 (44, 66)	74 (63, 81)	<0.001
History (, %)
Hypertension	40 (23.12%)	30 (47.62%)	<0.001
DM	25 (14.45%)	11 (17.46%)	0.569
Symptoms (, %)
Fatigue	63 (36.42%)	41 (65.08%)	<0.001
Headache	13 (7.51%)	2 (3.17%)	0.227
Cough	115 (66.47%)	37 (58.73%)	0.272
Dyspnea	36 (20.81%)	31 (49.21%)	<0.001
Diarrhea	20 (11.56%)	7 (11.11%)	0.925
Signs
T	36.70 (36.50, 37.00)	36.70 (36.40, 36.90)	0.543
HR	86 (80, 98)	86 (77,102)	0.898
RR	20 (19, 22)	20 (19, 28)	0.052
Laboratory indices
WBC counts (10^9/L)	5.65 (4.28, 8.10)	8.49 (5.61, 11.98)	<0.001
NEU counts (10^9/L)	5.51 (3.02, 61.85)	7.89 (4.62, 13.16)	0.259
LYM counts (10^9/L)	1.53 (0.9, 11.2)	0.60 (0.41, 1.13)	<0.001
MON counts (10^9/L)	0.57 (0.39, 4.8)	0.42 (0.28, 0.65)	<0.001
NLR	3.41 (1.89, 7.16)	12.51 (7.22, 18.83)	<0.001
HGB (g/L)	125.00 (116.50, 136.00)	122.00 (111.00, 137.50)	0.560
PLT (10^9/L)	214.00 (157.00, 287.00)	155.00 (114.50, 208.50)	<0.001
ALB	35.90 (32.60, 39.90)	33.40 (31.40, 36.60)	0.004
PNI	37.21 (34.07, 40.56)	33.41 (31.46, 36.63)	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	27.00 (16.50, 43.00)	25.00 (20.00, 45.00)	0.708
AST (U/L)	30.00 (22.00, 42.00)	41.00 (24.00, 63.00)	0.001
GLU (mmol/L)	5.60 (4.96, 7.13)	7.00 (5.78, 10.30)	<0.001
LDH (U/L)	263.00 (195.00, 355.00)	493.00 (362.50, 611.50)	<0.001
P/F ratio	257.58 (168.85, 314.75)	104.44 (75.56, 150.00)	<0.001

Abbreviations: DM: diabetes mellitus; WBC: white blood cells; NEU: neutrophils; LYM: lymphocytes; MON: monocytes; NLR: neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: platelet; ALB: albumin; PNI: prognostic nutritional index; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: lactic dehydrogenase; P/F ratio: PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio; CURB65: confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment.