Effects of Immune System-Related Medications on COVID-19 Outcome in a Cohort of Iranian Patients: Preliminary Report of a Data Mining Study

Table 1

Association rule mining of all variables with death and LOS.

Variable	Frequency (%)	Association with death				Association with LOS
		Support ()	Confidence ()	Correlation coefficient	Bonferroni adjusted value	Correlation coefficient	Bonferroni adjusted value
Total COVID-19 cases	6417 (100)	0.193	0.193
Death	1240 (19.32)	0.193	1	1.000	1.000	0.075	<0.001
LOS ()				0.075	<0.001	1.000	1.000
Age ()				0.258#	<0.001	0.036	1.000
Gender (male)	3597 (56.05)	0.113	0.202	0.026	1.000	0.014	1.000
ICU	1751 (27.29)	0.104	0.380	0.289#	<0.001	0.337#	<0.001
Date (range, in 2020)	03-20–08-11			-0.011	1.000	-0.103	<0.001
Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir	1116 (17.39)	0.047	0.269	0.088	<0.001	0.242#	<0.001
Lopinavir/ritonavir	1962 (30.58)	0.075	0.247	0.090	<0.001	0.269#	<0.001
Ribavirin	530 (8.26)	0.020	0.254	0.040	1.000	0.174	<0.001
Favipiravir	155 (2.42)	0.007	0.277	0.034	1.000	0.087	<0.001
Oseltamivir	342 (5.33)	0.011	0.208	0.009	1.000	0.134	<0.001
Interferon	1145 (17.84)	0.046	0.259	0.078	<0.001	0.239	<0.001
Metronidazole	347 (5.41)	0.015	0.282	0.054	0.014	0.133	<0.001
Linezolid	159 (2.48)	0.007	0.283	0.036	1.000	0.125	<0.001
Dexamethasone	1817 (28.32)	0.072	0.255	0.098	<0.001	0.293#	<0.001
Hydrocortisone	861 (13.42)	0.053	0.264	0.070	<0.001	0.246#	<0.001
Budesonide	564 (8.79	0.021	0.241	0.038	1.000	0.183	<0.001
Prednisolone	275 (4.29)	0.013	0.309	0.062	<0.001	0.118	<0.001
Methylprednisolone	349 (5.44)	0.012	0.229	0.022	1.000	0.155	<0.001
Infliximab	86 (1.34)	0.004	0.302	0.032	1.000	0.096	<0.001
Mycophenolate	10 (0.16)	0.000	0.200	0.001	1.000	0.063	<0.001
IV Ig	94 (1.46)	0.004	0.277	0.026	1.000	0.085	<0.001
Vitamin C	601 (9.37)	0.022	0.236	0.035	1.000	0.179	<0.001
Azathioprine	10 (0.16)	0.000	0.300	0.011	1.000	-0.012	1.000
Ciclosporin	4 (0.06)	0.000	0.500	0.019	1.000	0.018	1.000
Tacrolimus	7 (0.11)	0.000	0.286	0.008	1.000	<0.001	1.000
Aspirin	1611 (25.11)	0.067	0.276	0.108	<0.001	0.290#	<0.001
Warfarin	153 (2.38)	0.006	0.261	0.027	1.000	0.110	<0.001
Clopidogrel	490 (7.64)	0.021	0.278	0.061	<0.001	0.172	<0.001
Acetaminophen	2897 (45.15)	0.105	0.232	0.089	<0.001	0.296#	<0.001
Diphenhydramine	1736 (27.05)	0.070	0.257	0.098	<0.001	0.258#	<0.001
Antivirals	3135 (48.85)	0.105	0.215	0.053	0.0191	0.118	<0.001
CSF	21 (0.38)	0.001	0.238	0.007	1.000	0.061	0.001
Cephalospoins	3715 (57.89)	0.103	0.178	-0.046	0.243	0.067	<0.001
Macrolides	2004 (31.23)	0.054	0.172	-0.035	1.000	0.035	1.000
Fluoroquinolones	1509 (23.52)	0.057	0.245	0.073	<0.001	0.283#	<0.001
Lincosamides	766 (11.94)	0.038	0.319	0.117	<0.001	0.119	<0.001
Glycopeptides	1383 (21.55)	0.084	0.389	0.260#	<0.001	0.318#	<0.001
Carbapenems	1537 (23.95)	0.093	0.389	0.279#	<0.001	0.333#	<0.001
Cotrimoxazol	101 (1.57)	0.005	0.287	0.030	1.000	0.091	<0.001
Glucocorticoids	3022 (47.09)	0.123	0.261	0.161	<0.001	0.300#	<0.001
Heparin group	5054 (78.76)	0.165	0.209	0.078	<0.001	0.232#	<0.001
Hydroxychloroquine	3997 (62.28)	0.121	0.194	0.004	1.000	0.089	<0.001

Significant at 0.05. Significant at 0.01. Significant at 0.001. Significant at 0.0001. #Correlation coefficient more than 0.2. All the values are for correlation analysis.