Effects of Immune System-Related Medications on COVID-19 Outcome in a Cohort of Iranian Patients: Preliminary Report of a Data Mining Study

Table 2

Association of the variables with risk of death (in hospitalized improved or dead cases, the other cases were removed).

Variables	Relative risk		Attributable risk		Chi square
	Point estimation	95% CI	Point estimation	95% CI	value
	3.10	2.65, 3.61	0.18	0.16, 0.20	<0.001
ICU	2.99	2.71, 3.29	0.26	0.24, 0.29	<0.001
Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir	1.47	1.31, 1.65	0.09	0.06, 0.12	<0.001
Lopinavir/ritonavir	1.41	1.28, 1.56	0.08	0.05, 0.10	<0.001
Ribavirin	1.27	1.08, 1.48	0.05	0.01, 0.09	0.004
Favipiravir	1.44	1.12, 1.87	0.09	0.02, 0.16	0.008
Oseltamivir	1.06	0.85, 1.31	0.01	-0.03, 0.06	0.612
Interferon	1.43	1.28, 1.60	0.08	0.05, 0.11	<0.001
Metronidazole	1.47	1.23, 1.75	0.09	0.04, 0.14	<0.001
Linezolid	1.47	1.15, 1.89	0.10	0.02, 0.17	0.004
Dexamethasone	1.48	1.34, 1.64	0.09	0.06, 0.11	<0.001
Hydrocortisone	1.42	1.25, 1.61	0.08	0.05, 0.11	<0.001
Budesonide	1.26	1.08, 1.47	0.05	0.014, 0.09	0.004
Prednisolone	1.63	1.36, 1.95	0.13	0.07, 0.18	<0.001
Methylprednisolone	1.18	0.97, 1.44	0.04	-0.01, 0.08	0.106
Infliximab	1.54	1.12, 2.13	0.11	0.01, 0.21	0.014
Mycophenolate	0.98	0.28, 3.38	-0.00	-0.25, 0.24	0.970
IV_Ig	1.39	1.00, 1.93	0.08	-0.01, 0.17	0.063
Vitamin C	1.22	1.05, 1.42	0.04	0.01, 0.08	0.013
Azathioprine	1.47	0.57, 3.78	0.10	-0.19, 0.38	0.455
Ciclosporin	2.44	0.92, 6.52	0.30	-0.19, 0.79	0.143
Tacrolimus	1.40	0.43, 4.51	0.08	-0.25, 0.42	0.596
Aspirin	1.54	1.39, 1.70	0.10	0.07, 0.12	<0.001
Warfarin	1.31	1.00, 1.72	0.06	-0.09, 0.13	0.057
Clopidogrel	1.46	1.26, 1.70	0.09	0.05, 0.13	<0.001
Acetaminophen	1.40	1.27, 1.55	0.07	0.05, 0.09	<0.001
Diphenhydramine	1.48	1.34, 1.64	0.09	0.06, 0.11	<0.001
Antivirals	1.19	1.08, 1.32	0.04	0.02, 0.06	<0.001
CSF	1.22	0.57, 2.61	0.05	-0.14, 0.24	0.616
Cephalosporins	0.83	0.75, 0.92	-0.04	-0.06, -0.02	<0.001
Macrolides	0.83	0.75, 0.93	-0.04	^-0.06, -0.01	^0.001
Fluoroquinolones	1.34	1.21, 1.49	0.06	0.04, 0.09	<0.001
Lincosamides	1.74	1.55, 1.96	0.14	0.10, 0.17	<0.001
Glycopeptides	2.77	2.52, 3.04	0.26	0.23, 0.29	<0.001
Carbapenems	2.90	2.64, 3.19	0.27	0.24, 0.29	<0.001
Cotrimoxazole	1.46	1.07, 1.98	0.09	0.00,0.18	0.024
Glucocorticoids	1.91	1.72, 2.12	0.13	0.11, 0.15	<0.001
Heparin_group	1.46	1.26, 1.68	0.07	0.05, 0.09	<0.001
Hydroxychloroquine	0.96	0.87, 1.06	-0.01	-0.03, 0.01	0.428

Significant at H0: or . Significant at 0.0013 (Pearson chi square, according to bonferroni correction).