Effects of Immune System-Related Medications on COVID-19 Outcome in a Cohort of Iranian Patients: Preliminary Report of a Data Mining Study
Table 6
Association of the variables with LOS in survived cases using the independent -test and right censored Poisson regression (in hospitalized improved cases; the other cases were removed).
Analysis
-test
Right censored Poisson regression (upper limit: )
Covariates
Mean difference
value
Adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% CI)
value
Age ≥50
0.673
<0.001
0.994 (0.992, 0.996)
<0.001
Gender (male)
-0.097
0.580
1.066 (0.991, 1.146)
0.088
Date (daily)
NA
NA
1.000 (1.000, 1.000)
0.590
ICU
5.124
<0.001
1.235 (1.129, 1.352)
<0.001
Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir
3.713
<0.001
1.059 (0.958, 1.172)
0.263
Lopinavir/ritonavir
3.580
<0.001
1.073 (0.985, 1.168)
0.107
Ribavirin
4.061
<0.001
1.155 (1.013, 1.315)
0.031
Favipiravir
2.926
<0.001
1.034 (0.799, 1.337)
0.801
Oseltamivir
3.769
<0.001
1.042 (0.882, 1.231)
0.628
Interferon
3.960
<0.001
1.021 (0.925, 1.127)
0.680
Metronidazole
2.577
<0.001
1.038 (0.875, 1.231)
0.672
Linezolid
4.653
<0.001
1.087 (0.858, 1.379)
0.488
Dexamethasone
3.827
<0.001
1.206 (1.102, 1.320)
<0.001
Hydrocortisone
3.974
<0.001
1.072 (0.961, 1.195)
0.213
Budesonide
3.924
<0.001
0.936 (0.828, 1.059)
0.293
Prednisolone
2.858
<0.001
1.070 (0.851, 1.345)
0.562
Methylprednisolone
3.994
<0.001
1.311 (1.120, 1.534)
0.001
Infliximab
4.340
<0.001
1.800 (1.363, 2.378)
<0.001
Mycophenolate
0.941
0.659
0.552 (0.124, 2.464)
0.436
IV_Ig
4.176
<0.001
0.883 (0.655, 1.189)
0.411
Vitamin C
4.486
<0.001
1.231 (1.091, 1.390)
<0.001
Azathioprine
-0.472
0.836
0.487 (0.092, 2.565)
0.396
Ciclosporin
2.316
0.587
16.539 (1.42, 192.63)
0.025
Tacrolimus
-1.387
0.608
0.503 (0.049, 5.219)
0.565
Aspirin
3.705
<0.001
1.097 (1.001, 1.202)
0.047
Warfarin
4.276
<0.001
1.206 (0.962, 1.512)
0.104
Clopidogrel
3.737
<0.001
1.331 (1.145, 1.547)
<0.001
Acetaminophen
3.431
<0.001
1.205 (1.109, 1.308)
<0.001
Diphenhydramine
3.333
<0.001
1.114 (1.024, 1.213)
0.013
CSF
8.508
<0.001
1.563 (1.078, 2.265)
0.018
Cephalosporins
0.455
0.010
1.067 (0.987, 1.154)
0.103
Macrolides
0.022
0.905
0.922 (0.847, 1.004)
0.063
Fluoroquinolones
4.031
<0.001
1.110 (1.018, 1.210)
0.018
Lincosamides
1.933
<0.001
1.056 (0.932, 1.195)
0.393
Glycopeptide
5.447
<0.001
1.422 (1.292, 1.566)
<0.001
Carbapenems
5.271
<0.001
1.298 (1.174, 1.435)
<0.001
Cotrimoxazol
3.481
<0.001
0.937 (0.694, 1.264)
0.669
Heparin_group
3.209
<0.001
1.033 (0.946, 1.128)
0.472
Hydroxychloroquine
0.933
<0.001
0.850 (0.787, 0.918)
<0.001
Positive mean differences indicate further risk for exposure positive (for age, was regarded). The regression model has been adjusted with age interactions. NA: not applicable. Significant at 0.05 (Wald test). Significant at 0.001 (-test, bonferroni correction).
