High Dimensionality Reduction and Immune Phenotyping of Natural Killer and Invariant Natural Killer Cells in Latent Tuberculosis-Diabetes Comorbidity

Figure 1

High dimensionality UMAP analysis of NK cells expressing Type 1 cytokine and GMCSF immune marker. (a) NDM, (b) PDM, and (c) DM expression and histogram profile or dot blot expression of NK cells expressing Type 1 cytokine [TNFα (red), IFNγ (blue), IL-2 (pink)] and GMCSF (green) clusters upon UNS, PPD, WCL antigen, and (mitogen) P/I stimulation. (d) Reduced frequencies of NK cells expressing Type 1 cytokine and GMCSF immune marker in LTB comorbid individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was either unstimulated (UNS) or stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) [PPD, WCL] antigens or mitogen for 18 h. The UNS and Mtb antigen-stimulated frequencies of Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2) cytokines and GMCSF immune marker were examined in LTB DM (), LTB PDM (), and LTB NDM () individuals. Each black, grey, and silver colour circle indicates a single individual and the bars represent the geometric mean values. Net frequencies were determined by subtracting the UNS from antigen stimulated frequencies for each individual. values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons.