High Dimensionality Reduction and Immune Phenotyping of Natural Killer and Invariant Natural Killer Cells in Latent Tuberculosis-Diabetes Comorbidity

Figure 2

High dimensionality UMAP analysis of iNKT cells expressing Type 1 cytokine and GMCSF immune marker. (a) NDM, (b) PDM, and (c) DM expression and histogram profile or dot blot expression of iNKT cells expressing Type 1 cytokine [TNFα (red), IFNγ (blue), IL-2 (pink)] and GMCSF (green) clusters upon UNS, PPD, WCL antigen, and mitogen stimulation. (d) Elevated frequencies of iNKT cells expressing Type 1 cytokine and GMCSF immune marker in LTB comorbid individuals. PBMCs were either UNS or stimulated with Mtb [PPD, WCL] antigens and mitogen for 18 h. The UNS and Mtb antigen-stimulated frequencies of Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2) cytokines and GMCSF immune marker were examined in LTB DM (), LTB PDM (), and LTB NDM () individuals. Each black, grey, and silver colour circle indicates each group, and geometric mean was indicated using bars. The frequencies of net cytokine were determined by subtracting the UNS cytokine frequency from Mtb and mitogen antigen stimulated frequencies. The significant difference was measured using the Kruskal-Wallis test Dunn’s multiple comparisons, and they were mentioned using P values.