Peptidoglycan-Like Components in Z-100, Extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain Aoyama B, Increase IL-12p40 via NOD2

Figure 6

Z-100-mediated increase in cytokine expression in vivo. (a) Schematic of the experimental design. After administering Z-100 into the right inguinal region for 7 days, skin samples were collected from the left inguinal region and right inguinal region. (b–d) Relative fold gene expression of IL-12p40 (b), TNF-α (c), or IL-1β (d) in skin samples from the left and right. Data show the ; -6 per group. The ranges were determined by evaluating the expression: 2^-ΔΔCT with and ΔΔCT–S.E., where S.E. is the standard error of the mean of the ΔΔCT value. TNF-α in skin samples from the right and IL-1β in skin samples from the left were analyzed using Aspin-Welch’s -test; all other analyses were performed using Student’s -test (, , and NS: not significant vs. saline).

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