Levels of Pathogenic Th17 and Th22 Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Figure 4

In vitro induction of pathogenic Th17 cells. PBMC from healthy controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis were incubated in the presence or not of IL-23 or IL-1β plus IL-23 and then the percent of pathogenic Th17 (pTh17) cells, referred to total lymphocytes, and were analyzed by flow cytometry, as described in Material and Methods. Data correspond to the arithmetic mean and SD of ten separate experiments. . ns: nonsignificant (Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s posttest).

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