Blood Stasis Syndrome Accelerates the Growth and Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Promoting Hypoxia and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Mice

Figure 6

Schematic showing BBS mechanisms involved in regulating hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment in breast cancer. By aggravating hypoxia tumor microenvironment, BSSs promote HIF1-α expression, thus upregulating VEGF and Cyclin D1 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which promoted tumor angiogenesis; additionally, HIF1-α promotes the immunosuppressive microenvironment formation, thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.