Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis

<div>MR results for causal role of systemic lupus erythematosus on serum vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. MR-RAPS method was not applicable for causal effect from SLE on vitamin D with model 2 for limited SNPs. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphisms; IVW: inverse variance weighted; MR-RAPS: MR-robust adjusted profile score.</div>

Journal of Immunology Research

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Figure 2: Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis 

Figure 2 | Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis 