IL-17: Balancing Protective Immunity and Pathogenesis

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the IL-17 signaling pathway: transduction and amplification. The IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits bind to IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF ligands. The intracellular domains interact with adaptor Act1. Act1 additionally contains a TRAF-binding site that enables association with TRAF family proteins. Engagement with TRAF6 drives activation of the classical NF-κB, MAPK pathway. Act1 can also engage other TRAF family proteins to promote a post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization pathway. Th17, T helper-17 cells; γδ T cells, gamma delta T cells; ILC, innate lymphoid cells; NKT nature killer T cells; TRAF, TNF-receptor associated factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; AP-1, activator protein; C/EBP, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein.