S100A9 Regulated M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Interleukin-10-Induced Promotion of Malignant Pleural Effusion

Figure 1

IL-10 deficiency suppresses the formation of MPE and decreases total macrophages in MPE. (a) Anatomical images of pleural effusion and intrapleural tumors of WT and IL-10^−/− mice. (b) Life span analysis was performed in mice receiving intrapleural injections of MC38 cells. The overall survival of the two groups was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a pairwise log-rank test (each n = 20). (c) Comparisons of MPE volume (each n = 20), pleural tumor mass (each n = 20), pleural vascular permeability (represented as the MPE/serum ratio of Evans blue concentration, each n = 6), and Ki67⁺ area in pleural tumors (each n = 6) between WT and IL-10^−/− mice. (d) Representative flow cytometric dot plots (left panel) and statistical comparisons (right panel) of macrophages (CD11b⁺F4/80⁺) in MPEs, blood, and spleens of WT and IL-10^−/− mice. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). , , , compared by Student’s t test.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)