| | Characteristics | All | No IMV patients | IMV patients | P-value | | (N = 153) | (N = 104) | (N = 49) |
| | Gender (male/female) | 83/70 | 65/39 | 18/31 | 0.003 | | Age, years | 50.22 ± 17.49 | 51.18 ± 15.91 | 48.18 ± 18.59 | 0.324 | | Positive antibody, n (%) | | | | <0.001 | | NMDAR | 53 (34.6) | 31 (29.8) | 22 (44.9) | | | GAD 65 | 6 (3.9) | 6 (5.8) | 0 (0) | | | LGI1 | 52 (33.9) | 44 (42.3) | 8 (16.3) | | | GABABR | 25 (16.3) | 12 (11.5) | 13 (26.5) | | | AMPAR | 6 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 6 (12.2) | | | CASPR2 | 6 (3.9) | 6 (5.8) | 0 (0) | | | MOG | 5 (3.3) | 5 (4.8) | 0 (0) | | | Antibody subtype, n (%) | | | | <0.001 | | Anti-intracellular antigen | 6 (3.9) | 6 (5.8) | 0 (0) | | | Anti-synaptic receptors | 84 (54.9) | 43 (41.3) | 41 (83.7) | | | Anti-ion channels & other surface proteins | 63 (41.2) | 55 (52.9) | 8 (16.3) | | | Clinical Subtype, n (%) | | | | 0.024 | | Anti-NMDAR encephalitis | 53 (34.6) | 31 (29.8) | 22 (44.9) | | | Limbic encephalitis | 89 (58.2) | 62 (59.6) | 27 (55.1) | | | Other AE syndrome | 11 (7.2) | 11 (10.6) | 0 (0) | | | Blood CBA, n (%) | | | | 0.054 | | negative | 21 (13.7) | 18 (17.3) | 3 (6.1) | | | + | 72 (47.1) | 47 (45.2) | 25 (51.0) | | | ++ | 36 (23.5) | 27 (26.0) | 9 (18.4) | | | +++ | 24 (15.7) | 12 (11.5) | 12 (24.5) | | | CSF CBA, n (%) | | | | <0.001 | | Negative | 11 (7.2) | 6 (5.8) | 5 (10.2) | | | + | 9 (5.9) | 9 (8.7) | 0 (0) | | | ++ | 43 (28.1) | 38 (36.5) | 5 (42.9) | | | +++ | 90 (58.8) | 51 (49.0) | 39 (46.9) | | | Clinlcal symptom, n (%) | | | | | | Epilepsy | 128 (83.7) | 87 (83.7) | 41 (83.7) | 1.000 | | Short-term memory dysfunction | 129 (84.3) | 81 (77.9) | 48 (98.0) | 0.001 | | Calculation dysfunction | 122 (79.7) | 75 (72.1) | 47 (95.9) | <0.001 | | Psychiatric symptoms | 91 (59.4) | 58 (55.8) | 33 (67.3) | 0.217 | | Consciousness disorders | 21 (13.7) | 4 (3.8) | 17 (34.7) | <0.001 | | Language dysfunction | 84 (54.9) | 50 (48.1) | 34 (69.4) | 0.015 | | Extrapyramidal symptoms | 41 (26.8) | 22 (21.2) | 19 (38.8) | 0.031 | | Autonomic dysfunction | 53 (34.6) | 35 (33.7) | 18 (36.7) | 0.719 | | Interval from symptoms onset to hospital admission (months), n (%) | | | | 0.216 | | ≤1 | 90 (58.8) | 59 (56.7) | 31 (63.3) | | | 1–3 | 43 (28.1) | 28 (26.9) | 15 (30.6) | | | >3 | 20 (13.1) | 17 (16.3) | 3 (6.1) | | | Thyroid function tests | | | | | | TPOAb, n (%) | 43 (28.1) | 27 (26.0) | 16 (32.7) | 0.442 | | TGAb, n (%) | 54 (35.3) | 34 (32.7) | 20 (40.8) | 0.367 | | FT3 (2.63–5.7) pmol/L | 3.58 ± 1.04 | 3.70 ± 3.33 | 3.33 ± 0.93 | 0.042 | | FT4 (9.01–19.05) pmol/L | 13.22 ± 2.59 | 13.21 ± 2.26 | 13.23 ± 3.21 | 0.974 | | TSH (0.35–4.94) mlU/L | 1.73 ± 2.08 | 1.82 ± 2.04 | 1.54 ± 2.16 | 0.456 | | CSF test | | | | | | ICP (80–180) mmH2O | 164.61 ± 60.96 | 153.70 ± 51.89 | 187.76 ± 72.03 | 0.004 | | CSF protein (120–600) mg/L | 622.15 ± 452.25 | 600.52 ± 400.27 | 668.08 ± 535.56 | 0.390 | | CSF Glucose (2.2–3.9) mmol/L | 3.79 ± 1.06 | 3.82 ± 1.00 | 3.72 ± 1.19 | 0.593 | | CSF Cl (120–132) mmol/L | 119.71 ± 5.53 | 119.23 ± 4.97 | 120.72 ± 6.51 | 0.120 | | CSF cell (0–15)109/L | 44.12 ± 83.19 | 33.78 ± 86.24 | 66.08 ± 73.32 | 0.025 | | Blood tests | | | | | | CRP (0–6) mg/L | 30.14 ± 50.68 | 19.67 ± 41.9 | 52.36 ± 60.21 | 0.001 | | ESR (0–20) mm/h | 18.24 ± 18.13 | 15.59 ± 15.46 | 23.86 ± 20.31 | 0.015 | | CEA (0–4.3) ng/mL | 3.28 ± 3.56 | 3.25 ± 3.96 | 3.34 ± 2.56 | 0.884 | | AFP (0–7) ng/mL | 2.85 ± 1.62 | 2.95 ± 1.63 | 2.63 ± 1.60 | 0.248 | | CA125 (0–35) U/mL | 16.52 ± 18.50 | 15.78 ± 21.12 | 18.07 ± 11.07 | 0.476 | | CA153 (0–25) U/mL | 9.05 ± 4.26 | 9.41 ± 4.28 | 8.28 ± 4.17 | 0.128 | | CA199 (0–27) U/mL | 14.83 ± 14.06 | 15.14 ± 15.71 | 14.18 ± 9.82 | 0.696 | | NSE (0–16.3) ng/mL | 14.80 ± 5.66 | 14.61 ± 4.72 | 15.18 ± 7.30 | 0.563 | | Comorbidities, n (%) | | | | | | Impaired hepatic function | 46 (30.1) | 20 (19.2) | 26 (53.1) | <0.001 | | Pulmonary infection | 73 (47.7) | 27 (26.0) | 46 (93.9) | <0.001 | | Therapy, n (%) | | | | | | Corticosteroids | 138 (90.2) | 94 (90.4) | 44 (89.8) | 1.000 | | Immunoglobulin | 49 (32.0) | 21 (20.2) | 28 (57.1) | <0.001 | | EEG, n (%) | 83 (54.2) | 52 (50) | 31 (63.3) | 0.164 | | MRI, n (%) | 70 (45.8) | 57 (54.8) | 13 (26.5) | 0.002 |
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Note: IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; AE, autoimmune encephalitis; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; MOG, myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; LGI 1, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1; GAD 65, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody 65; GABABR, γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor; CASPR2, contactin-associated protein-like 2; AMPAR, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; CBA, cytometric bead assay; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody; TGAb, thyroglobulin antibody; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyrotropin; ICP, ICP, intracranial pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; AFP, alpha fetal protein; CA125, carbohydrate antigen 125; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; MRI, agnetic resonance imaging; EEG, electroencephalography.
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