Common Pollen Modulate Immune Responses against Viral-Like Challenges in Airway Coculture Model

Figure 1

Two exposure setups. In setup 1, cocultured A549 and differentiated THP-1 cells were first exposed to three doses of pollen extracts (final concentrations: 0.625, 2.5, and 10 mg/ml) for 24 hr followed by the secondary exposure to bacterial and viral ligands (Poly (I:C) 25 µg/ml, LPS 0.05 µg/ml, and ORN R-0006 1 µM) for 24 hr. In setup 2, exposures were performed in an opposite order. After exposure, toxicological and immunological end points were measured. Figure created with https://BioRender.com.