Common Pollen Modulate Immune Responses against Viral-Like Challenges in Airway Coculture Model

Figure 3

Cytokine production in setup 1. (a) Cocultured cells were first exposed to three doses (0.625, 2.5, 10 mg/ml) of four different pollen extracts (24 hr) and subsequently to Toll-like receptor ligand 7/8 (24 hr) (setup 1, N ≥ 3). (b) Heat map depicting the fold changes of eotaxin, MDC, IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10. Eotaxin values were divided by 10 to scale them for the heat map range. (c)–(f)) Detailed results of eotaxin, MDC, IL-10, and TNF-α. Figures show mean ± SEM. a indicates significant difference from pollen, and b indicates significant difference from TLR7/8.

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